Throughout history and across various religious and cultural traditions, the act of circumambulating or walking around a temple three times has held significant meaning. This practice is seen in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and many other spiritual traditions. But why do we perform this ritual? Is there a deeper purpose behind the number three, and how does this simple action shape our spiritual journey? In this article, we will explore the philosophical, symbolic, and practical reasons behind this sacred tradition, diving into the deeper layers of its meaning.
The Sacred Tradition of Circumambulation
What is Circumambulation, and Why is it Important?
Circumambulation, or the act of walking around a temple, shrine, or sacred object, is a common ritual across several religions. It is an act of reverence, devotion, and purification, and it plays an integral role in many spiritual practices. This sacred act is generally performed in a clockwise direction, symbolizing the flow of positive energy and spiritual alignment with the universe. However, the reasons behind this practice and the symbolism associated with it are often more intricate and deeply rooted in the culture and philosophy of the religion.
In Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and other Eastern traditions, temples are often seen as the physical representation of divine energy. Walking around the temple three times is considered an act of honoring the deity housed within, aligning oneself with cosmic forces, and invoking blessings.
Why Three Times? The Significance of the Number
The number three holds deep spiritual significance in many cultures and religions. It is often considered a sacred or powerful number that represents balance, harmony, and completion. For instance, in Hinduism, the number three is linked to the concept of the “Trimurti,” which represents the three principal gods—Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer). Similarly, in Buddhism, the three jewels—Buddha, Dharma (his teachings), and Sangha (the community)—are central to the practice.
But why is the act of circumambulation specifically carried out three times? Let’s examine some of the deeper meanings behind this number in relation to the practice.
The Deeper Symbolism of Walking Around the Temple Three Times
Is Circumambulation a Spiritual Cleansing Ritual?
One of the key reasons why people walk around the temple three times is for spiritual purification. According to traditional beliefs, each round represents a specific aspect of spiritual cleansing. The first round is often seen as symbolic of the removal of physical impurities. The second round represents mental purification, while the third round symbolizes the cleansing of the soul. This process is akin to aligning one’s mind, body, and spirit with the divine presence.
By walking around the temple, devotees are said to shed their worldly attachments and distractions, focusing their attention solely on the divine. The act of walking is not merely physical but is intended to align the devotee’s energy with the sacred space, helping them transcend their mundane concerns and connect more deeply with the divine presence.
Could the Practice of Three Rounds Reflect the Unity of Mind, Body, and Spirit?
The three rounds may also symbolize the integration of mind, body, and spirit. In many spiritual traditions, the mind, body, and soul are seen as interconnected and interdependent. Walking around the temple three times may represent the harmonious integration of these elements, creating a balanced and focused individual. This concept is especially prevalent in Hindu philosophy, where the mind and body must be in sync to achieve a state of spiritual liberation or moksha.
Additionally, each round can represent an aspect of life. The first round is associated with material life, the second with the emotional and psychological self, and the third with spiritual awareness and enlightenment. This trifecta aligns with the three main stages of life—birth, life, and death—forming a cycle of existence that mirrors the core principles of many spiritual practices.
How Does the Direction of Circumambulation Affect the Ritual?
The direction in which devotees walk while performing the circumambulation is equally important. In many traditions, walking in a clockwise direction is symbolic of aligning with the cosmic order. It represents the movement of the sun, which is perceived as a powerful symbol of life and energy in many cultures. By walking clockwise around the temple, one is thought to be in tune with the divine flow of energy, receiving blessings, and protecting oneself from negative influences.
However, in some traditions, walking counterclockwise may also be observed, particularly in rituals that seek to counteract negativity or bring about transformation. In such cases, the act of circumambulation still carries spiritual weight, but the symbolic meaning of the direction may differ.
Can Walking Around the Temple Be a Form of Meditation?
Walking around a temple, especially in a ritualistic manner, is often considered a form of moving meditation. For many practitioners, the repetition of the action itself becomes a mantra, focusing the mind and creating a sense of spiritual awareness. As the individual walks in a circle, they may enter a state of deep contemplation or connect with the divine energy of the temple.
This type of moving meditation can help clear the mind of distractions and sharpen spiritual focus. The repetitive nature of the act allows the practitioner to concentrate on the present moment, leading to heightened awareness and a deeper connection with their faith.
The Ritual Across Different Religious Traditions
Hinduism: The Power of the Circumambulation in Temples
In Hindu temples, the practice of circumambulation is often referred to as “Pradakshina.” This sacred ritual involves walking around the sanctum sanctorum, or the innermost chamber of the temple, where the deity resides. Performing Pradakshina is believed to purify the devotee, reduce negative karma, and bring them closer to divine grace. It is a gesture of respect, a way of offering oneself to the deity and seeking blessings.
The act of walking three times around the temple is symbolic of the three gunas (qualities of nature)—sattva (goodness), rajas (passion), and tamas (ignorance). By completing three rounds, devotees are said to overcome the influence of these qualities, purifying their inner being.
Buddhism: The Circumambulation as a Path to Enlightenment
In Buddhism, circumambulation is an important ritual performed around stupas, Buddha statues, or sacred objects. This practice is not only seen as a way to show reverence to the Buddha but also as a method of cultivating mindfulness and purifying one’s mind.
The three rounds in Buddhism may represent the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha), reminding practitioners of the path to enlightenment. It is also believed that circumambulating while reciting mantras can accumulate merit, aiding in the purification of the mind and promoting the attainment of Nirvana.
Jainism: The Circle of Life and Spiritual Purification
In Jainism, the act of circumambulation, known as “Pradakshina,” is also an essential part of temple rituals. Jains believe that walking around sacred shrines is an act of devotion that leads to the spiritual purification of the self. The three rounds are thought to symbolize the three main pillars of Jainism—right belief, right knowledge, and right conduct—which are essential for achieving liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
For Jains, the act of walking around the temple with reverence is also a reminder of the interconnectedness of all living beings and the importance of nonviolence (ahimsa). Each step taken is considered an offering of peace and compassion.
Other Spiritual Traditions: Circumambulation Around the World
The act of walking around a sacred space is not confined to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Many indigenous and ancient cultures also practiced circumambulation as a way of honoring sacred sites. For instance, in ancient Egypt, the act of walking around a temple or altar was believed to invoke divine protection. In Christianity, while the specific practice of circumambulation is not as prevalent, the ritual of walking around a church or shrine in a circular fashion is still observed in some traditions, especially during processions or religious ceremonies.
Even in modern spiritual practices, the concept of circumambulation continues to hold importance. Whether it is walking around a personal altar or participating in a sacred procession, the act of moving in a circular pattern often symbolizes wholeness, unity, and the eternal cycle of life.
Conclusion
The practice of walking around a temple three times is a powerful and meaningful ritual found in various spiritual traditions. It serves as a reminder of our interconnectedness with the divine and the world around us. The act of circumambulation is not just a physical movement but a spiritual journey, symbolizing purification, alignment with cosmic forces, and a deeper connection to one’s faith.
Whether it is to honor a deity, to seek blessings, or to engage in meditation, the ritual of walking around the temple three times carries profound significance. It is an age-old practice that continues to inspire and guide devotees on their spiritual path, offering a tangible way to connect with the divine and seek transformation.
The sacredness of this ritual transcends geographical and cultural boundaries, and its enduring presence in various religions and traditions speaks to the universal human desire for spiritual growth, purification, and enlightenment. So, the next time you find yourself walking around a temple, remember that each step taken is not only a movement in space but a profound journey within.
